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Identify the steps of an indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) procedure and state the purpose of each step. |
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Identify the steps of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure and state the purpose of each step. |
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Describe the function of various components of an epifluorescence microscope and how they influence IFA staining. |
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State the role of ANA testing in the diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. |
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View HEp-2 IFA results and determine whether they should be called ANA positive or negative in comparison to an endpoint control. |
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Identify the correct ANA titer when presented with a series of images. |
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Identify interphase (resting) and mitotic (dividing) HEp-2 cells. |
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Identify ANA staining patterns on HEp-2 cells:
Beginner: identify the common ANA patterns (homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, centromere) by their specific name, and be able to differentiate them from uncommon patterns.
Advanced: identify common and uncommon ANA patterns by their specific names. |
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Identify mixed ANA patterns:
Beginner: those that have one or more common ANA patterns.
Advanced: also identify those that have uncommon patterns.
All: state two strategies that can help identify mixed patterns. |
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Identify cytoplasmic staining patterns on HEp-2 substrate:
Beginner: identify the staining as cytoplasmic
Advanced: identify patterns that are likely to be mitochondrial, ribosomal, or Golgi. |
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Identify artifacts on HEp-2. |
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Identify positive results of IFA testing on Crithidia luciliae; state the antibody being tested, and the clinical utility of a positive result. |
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List the specific autoantibodies that are commonly associated with a positive ANA.
Beginner: identify the antibodies by name and the ANA patterns they are associated with.
Advanced: also identify the disease associations. |
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State the meaning of the term ENA and identify the antigens that are considered to be "ENAs". |